Dirck bouts the elder biography of michael

15th-century Dutch painter

Dieric Bouts^{[note 1]} (born c.&#; – 6 May )^[2] was an Early Netherlandish painter. Bouts may have studied under Rogier van der Weyden, and his work was influenced by van der Weyden and Jan van Eyck. He worked in Leuven from (or possibly earlier) until his death in ^[3]

Bouts was among the first northern painters to demonstrate the use of a single vanishing point (as illustrated in his Last Supper).

Works

Early works (before )

Bouts' earliest work is the Triptych of the Virgin's Life in the Prado (Madrid), dated about The Deposition Altarpiece in Granada (Capilla Real) probably also dates to this period, around –^[4] A dismembered canvas altarpiece—now in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium (Brussels),^[5] the J.

Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles),^[6] National Gallery (London),^[7]Norton Simon Museum (Pasadena),^[8] and a Swiss private collection—with the same dimensions as the Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament may belong to this period. The Louvre Lamentation (Pietà)^[9] is another early work.

Documented works

The Last Supper is the central panel of Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament, commissioned from Bouts by the Leuven Confraternity of the Holy Sacrament in All of the central room's orthogonals (lines imagined to be behind and perpendicular to the picture plane that converge at a vanishing point) lead to a single vanishing point in the centre of the mantelpiece above Christ's head.

However the small side room has its own vanishing point, and neither it nor the vanishing point of the main room falls on the horizon of the landscape seen through the windows. The Last Supper is the second dated work (after Petrus Christus' Virgin and Child Enthroned with St. Jerome and St. Francis in Frankfurt, dated ) to display an understanding of Italian linear perspective.

Scholars also have noted that Bouts' Last Supper was the first Flemishpanel painting to depict the Last Supper. In this central panel, Bouts did not focus on the biblical narrative itself but instead presented Christ in the role of a priest performing the consecration of the Eucharistichost from the Catholic Mass.

This contrasts strongly with other Last Supper depictions, which often focused on Judas's betrayal or on Christ's comforting of John.^[10] Bouts also added to the complexity of this image by including four servants (two in the window and two standing), all dressed in Flemish attire. Although once identified as the artist himself and his two sons, these servants are most likely portraits of the confraternity's members responsible for commissioning the altarpiece.

Dirck bouts the elder biography of michael douglas Mater Dolorosa. See more. Sign in Register. Toggle the table of contents.

The Last Supper was the central part of the altarpiece in the St. Peter's Church, Leuven.

The Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament has four additional panels, two on each side. Because these were taken to the museums in Berlin and Munich in the 19th century, the reconstruction of the original altarpiece has been difficult.

Today it is thought that the panel with Abraham and Melchizedek is above the Passover Feast on the left wing, while the Gathering of the Manna is above Elijah and the Angel on the right wing. All of these are typological precursors to the Last Supper in the central panel.

After attaining the rank of city painter of Leuven in , Bouts received a commission to paint two more works for the Town Hall.

Dirck bouts the elder biography of michael Link copied to clipboard! Grove Art Online. His earlier style is illustrated by 'The Entombment' in the Collection, and the paintings to which it is related. Venues View all 4.

The first was an altarpiece of the Last Judgment (–), which exists today only in the two wings with the Road to Paradise and The Fall of the Damned in the Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lille (France), and a fragmentary Bust of Christ^[11] from the central panel in the Nationalmuseum, Stockholm.

After this, he turned to the larger commission for the Justice Panels^[12][13] (–), which occupied him until his death in He completed one panel and began a second, both depicting the life of the 11th-century Holy Roman Emperor Otto III.^[10] These pieces can now be seen in the Brussels Museum.

The remaining two Justice panels were never completed.^[10]

Devotional panels and portraits

Many of Bouts' authentic works are small devotional panels, usually of the Virgin and Child. An early example is the Davis Madonna^[14] in New York (Metropolitan Museum of Art), excellent copies of which exist in the Bargello in Florence and the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.

This composition follows the formula of the miraculous icon of Notre-Dame-des-Grâces, which was installed in the cathedral of Cambrai (France) in The Virgin and Child in the National Gallery (London) is the largest and most ambitious of these Marian pictures.

In the realm of portraiture, Bouts expanded upon the tradition established by Robert Campin, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, and Petrus Christus.

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His Portrait of a Man^[15] in the National Gallery (London) is the first instance of a sitter shown in three-quarter view before a discernible background with a glimpse of the landscape out the window. Also widely attributed to Bouts is the Portrait of a Man in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), which resembles some of the figures in the artist's late Justice Panels of – Other portraits associated with Bouts, such as those in Washington (National Gallery of Art) and Antwerp (Royal Museum of Fine Arts), are more problematic.

Other works

See also: Category:Paintings by Dieric Bouts

The Last Supper and Justice Panels are the only works known to be definitely done by Bouts. The remaining panels from the Last Judgment Altarpiece (datable to –) and the triptych The Martyrdom of St Erasmus (before ) are also fairly secure attributions.

Aside from these, a number of other paintings have been attributed to him.

These are: Christ in the House of Simon, Christ in the House of Simon and Nativity fragment with the Virgin at Prayer in the Staatliche Museen. The triptych the Martyrdom of St. Hippolytus (Groeningemuseum), Virgin Enthroned with Four Angels (Capilla Real, Granada), and an Annunciation^[16] (Museu Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon).

The National Gallery holds The Entombment, the Virgin Enthroned with St. Peter and St. Paul,^[17] and The Virgin and Child.^[18]

Others are Saint James the Greater^[19] (Museu de Arte Sacra do Funchal, Madeira, Portugal), Ecce Agnus Dei,^[20] (Alte Pinakothek), Moses before the Burning Bush^[21] (Philadelphia Museum of Art), Bust of Christ (Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen), Virgin and Child^[22](National Gallery of Art, Washington), and a Resurrection in the Norton Simon Museum of Art.

Two are in the Louvre – a Nativity fragment with St. Joseph and the Virgin and Child Enthroned in a Niche.^[23]

Two Boutsian works in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich have perplexed art historians. One is the so-called Pearl of Brabant triptych,^[24] which writers as early as tried to separate from Bouts' authentic works.

Recent research seems to refute this attempt. The other is a pair of panels from an altarpiece depicting the Passion, respectively showing the Betrayal of Christ and the Resurrection. For a long time these were considered some of Bouts' earliest works, but dendrochronological evidence now places them around the time of his death in Schone's invention of a "Master of the Munich Betrayal" is a more appropriate attribution.

Family

Bouts was married twice and had four children. One of his weddings was in Leuven about His two daughters went to convents, and his two sons became painters who carried the Bouts workshop into the midth century. Little is known of the elder son, Dieric the Younger, although he appears to have continued in his father's style until his early death in The younger brother, Aelbrecht (or Albert), did likewise, but in a style that is unmistakably his own.

Dirck bouts the elder biography of michael jordan This archived website 'Flemish primitives' is temporarily not being updated. Netherlandish painter. Christ wears the rich cloak and the crown of thorns in which, according to the Gospels, he was dressed before he was crucified. He included a number of the typical Boutsian distinguishing traits in it: the meditative, withdrawn demeanor of the principal figures and a strong, realistic presentation with great attention to detail.

His distinctive work propelled Boutsian imagery into the 16th century.

Exhibition Dieric Bouts, Creator of Images

In , the museum of Leuven (Belgium), organised a retrospective exhibition^[1] on the work of Bouts, entitled Dieric Bouts, Creator of Images, under the direction of Peter Carpreau.

The main themes in the exhibition were Bouts's devotional work, his landscape painting, the use of perspective and the beauty of the banal in his paintings. Specific to this exhibition was the link made between Bouts' work and today's visual culture.

Notes

References

Sources

• Paul Heiland, Dirk Bouts und die Hauptwerke seiner Schule (Potsdam, ).
• Max J.

  Friedländer, Die altniederländische Malerei, vol. 3 (Berlin, ); Eng. trans. as Early Netherlandish Painting, vol. 3 (Leiden and Brussels, ).

• Ludwig von Baldass, "Die Enwicklung des Dieric Bouts," Jahrbuch der Kunsthist. Samml. Wien, n.s., 6 (): 77–
• Wolfgang Schöne, Dieric Bouts und seine Schule (Berlin and Leipzig, ).
• M.

  J. Schretlen, Dirck Bouts (Amsterdam, ).

• J. Francotte, Dieric Bouts (Leuven, –52).
• Erwin Panofsky, Early Netherlandish Painting (Cambridge, MA, ).
• Valentin Denis, Thierry Bouts (Brussels and Amsterdam, ).
• Dieric Bouts, exh. cat. (Brussels and Delft, –58).
• Dieric Bouts en zijn Tijd, exh.

  cat. (Leuven, ).

• Dirk Bouts (ca. –): Een Vlaams primitief te Leuven, exh. cat. (Leuven, ).
• Maurits Smeyers, Dirk Bouts, Schilder van de Stilte (Leuven, ).
• Anna Bergmans, ed., Dirk Bouts: Het Laatste Avondmaal (Tielt, ).
• Catheline Périer-D'Ieteren, Dieric Bouts: The Complete Works (Brussels, ).
• Rines, George Edwin, ed.

  (). "Bouts, Dirk"&#;. Encyclopedia Americana.

• Peter Carpreau, e.a., Dieric Bouts, Creator of Images, exh. cat., Leuven,

External links