Famous sikh actors in bollywood

Karpal Singh

Former Malaysian politician and lawyer

Not to be confused with Kirpal Singh.

This article is about the Malaysian politician and lawyer. For the seaside promenade in Penang, see Karpal Singh Drive.

In this Indian name, the name Ram Singh is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Karpal Singh.

The abbreviation "s/o" or "d/o", if used, means "son of" or "daughter of" respectively.

Karpal Singh s/o Ram Singh Deo (Punjabi: ਕਰਪਾਲ ਸਿੰਘ, romanized:&#;Karpāl Siṅgh; 28 June – 17 April ) was an Indian Malaysian politician and lawyer. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Bukit Gelugor in the state of Penang from to During that time, he was also the National Chairman of the Democratic Action Party (DAP).[1]

Born in Penang to SikhPunjabiIndian immigrant parents, Karpal studied law at the National University of Singapore.

He was one of Malaysia's most prominent lawyers and took a number of high-profile cases, including drug-trafficking charges against foreign nationals. Karpal was an opponent of the death penalty, especially for drug trafficking.

In the courtroom and Parliament, he was a controversial figure. Karpal was suspended from Parliament several times, charged with sedition and detained under Malaysia's internal-security law.

His reputation as a lawyer and opposition politician gave him the nickname "the Tiger of Jelutong".

Karpal's political career began in (when he joined the DAP), and he won a seat in the Kedah State Legislative Assembly in He was elected to parliament in as representative for Jelutong, Penang, and held the seat for more than 20 years until he lost it in Karpal returned to Parliament in the next general election, and led the DAP to its strongest-ever performance in the general election.

A motor-vehicle accident put Karpal in a wheelchair, with neuro-motor problems in his right arm, but he continued his legal and political careers. He died on 17 April after another motor-vehicle accident.

Early life and education

Born in Georgetown, Penang, Karpal was the son of a watchman and herdsman, Ram Singh Deo.[2][3] His mother was Kartar Kaur.

Karpal studied at St. Xavier's Institution[3][4] and received his Bachelor of Laws degree from the National University of Singapore,[2] where he was the president of the student union.[3] He was barred from his hostel for protesting against the university's decision to mandate certificates of political suitability for incoming students.[3] Karpal said he took seven years to graduate, admitting that he was "playful" and "didn't attend lectures".[2] After failing his final-year courses, the dean made him sit at the front of his classes; according to Karpal, "I couldn't play the fool anymore and I passed my exams accordingly!"[2]

Legal career

He was called to the Penang bar in and joined a firm in Alor Star, Kedah.[3][4] Karpal founded his legal firm the following year,[5] and was known for his expertise in the field of litigation.[6] He was a pioneer in drug trafficking and habeas corpus cases, and opposed the death penalty.[7] Karpal was praised for "defending the little man",[4] and was called "a friend to the oppressed and marginalised."[8]Universiti Teknologi MARA law professor Shad Saleem Faruqi praised Karpal's legal team for their innovative interpretations, which helped defendants with difficult cases.[8]

Death penalty

Karpal was described as a leading opponent of the death penalty in Malaysia,[9] and successfully defended at least ten foreigners on serious drug charges (which have a mandatory death sentence).[4] However, in July he called for convicted child rapists to receive the death sentence.[10]

Among Karpal's highest-profile cases were his defence of Australian drug trafficker Kevin Barlow, who was executed in Malaysia in [11] Barlow and fellow Australian Brian Chambers were convicted of trafficking heroin by the High Court in Penang in July ,[12] and Karpal continued fighting to clear Barlow's name after his execution.[13] Karpal also defended New Zealanders Lorraine Cohen and her son, Aaron, against heroin-trafficking charges in [14] They were convicted, with Lorraine sentenced to death and Aaron to life in prison.

Lorraine's death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in , and both were pardoned and freed in [15] In , Karpal managed to persuade the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to pardon a year-old Chinese boy who was sentenced to death for possession of a firearm under the Internal Security Act, reportedly suggesting that to let the boy hang would be "politically explosive."[4]

In , Karpal represented two sisters who were charged with allegedly masterminding the murder of their Australian stepfather Hans Herzog, who was killed by two male teenagers in a parang attack at his Kuala Lumpur home in The sisters were alleged to have hired the two boys to attack Herzog due to their resentment over the supposed abusive treatment they received from Herzog.[16] The sisters were later acquitted without their defence being called, and Karpal would later represent one of the two hired hitmen in his appeal in , which ended with the boy, who was 17 at the time of the crime, to be convicted for murder and detained indefinitely at the Selangor Sultan's pleasure.[17] The boy's older friend Low Kian Boon (aged 18 at the time of the murder) was sentenced to death, before the sentence was reduced to 35 years' imprisonment and 12 strokes of the cane in [18]

Karpal also took on cases outside of Malaysia's jurisdiction during his legal career.

In January , Karpal travelled to Singapore and represented Malaysian gunman Ng Theng Shuang in his appeal against the death sentence issued to Ng under the Arms Offences Act for discharging his firearm during a goldsmith robbery heist at Singapore's South Bridge Road.[19] Ng's appeal was dismissed despite Karpal's arguments in the appeal, and he was hanged on 14 July in Changi Prison.[20]

Anwar Ibrahim

Karpal represented former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim during Anwar's sodomy trial.[21] In September , he produced a pathological report confirming high levels of arsenic in Anwar's body and accused authorities of poisoning him: "It could well be that someone out there wants to get rid of him even to the extent of murder I suspect people in high places are responsible for this situation."[9] The accusation led to Karpal's detention under the Sedition Act in January [22]

He was the lead defence counsel in Anwar's second sodomy trial, after new allegations in [23] After a two-year trial, Anwar was acquitted on 10 January ;[24] however, the acquittal was overturned two years later.[25]

Political career

Entry into politics

Karpal joined the Democratic Action Party (DAP) in , citing its multiracial platform after the race riots.[2][26] Although he planned to contest the general election in Penang, he withdrew after his father's death.

However, Karpal was persuaded by DAP national organising secretary Fan Yew Teng to stand for the Alor Setar parliamentary seat and the Alor Setar Bandar state seat.[2] He won only the state seat, the first DAP candidate to win a seat in Kedah.[27]

In the general elections, Karpal won the Jelutong parliamentary seat and the Bukit Gelugorstate seat.

He held the Bukit Gelugor state seat until , losing subsequent elections for the Sungai Pinang and Padang Kota seats.

In , Karpal accused Deputy Speaker D. P. Vijandran of appearing in pornographic videos.[28] Although the allegations were dismissed due to lack of evidence, Vijandran resigned the following year.[29] In , Karpal produced the alleged videotape in parliament and gave it to Deputy Speaker Ong Tee Keat.[29] Vijandran was convicted in May of fabricating evidence in an affidavit seeking a court order to stop his nephew from allegedly distributing pornographic videotapes in which he appeared,[30] but the conviction was overturned in [31] In , Karpal was ordered to pay Vijandran RM, (reduced to RM, on appeal) in damages for defamation after he accused Vijandran of cheque fraud.[32][33]

Setback

In the election, Karpal lost the Jelutong parliamentary seat he had held for 21 years, and DAP leader Lim Kit Siang was also defeated.[21] The DAP had joined Barisan Alternatif, an opposition alliance with Parti Keadilan and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) (a move strongly supported by Karpal and Lim).[34] Despite the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition's significant losses in the election, Keadilan and PAS absorbed the gains as DAP support eroded due to suspicion of PAS and its hard-line Islamic stance.[35] Although the DAP gained seats, the party performed well below expectations and Lim called the results a "catastrophic defeat".[36] Despite the setback, Karpal remained as party deputy chairman and Lim became chairman after the resignation of long-serving chairman Chen Man Hin.[37] Karpal strongly opposed a PAS plan to introduce hudud (Islamic codes of behavior) into the Terengganu state legal system in , threatening to take the state government to court.[38]

Return to Parliament

In the general election, Karpal returned to parliament with a 1,vote majority in the new Bukit Gelugor seat.[39] The DAP regained its position as the largest opposition party in Parliament,[40] and Karpal became the party's national chairman on 4 September [41]

On 7 September, he was sanctioned for "misleading Parliament" after claiming that MPs had to raise their right hand while they took the oath of office on 17 May.

A report by the Parliamentary Rights and Privileges Committee gave Karpal three days to apologise or face a six-month suspension.[6][42] He refused to apologise and served the suspension.[43][44]

Victories and controversy

Karpal retained his seat in the election with a nearlyfold-vote increased majority (21, votes).[45] The election saw historic gains for the opposition, who denied the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional (BN) a two-thirds majority in Parliament for the first time.[46]

The three major opposition parties formed a coalition (the Pakatan Rakyat),[47] and Karpal was listed as the DAP representative on the coalition's Shadow Ministry of Home Affairs Committee in July [48]

In April , he was suspended from parliament for ten days after he called the speaker a "dictator".[49] In December of that year, he and opposition members of parliament Anwar Ibrahim, Azmin Ali and Sivarasa Rasiah were suspended for six months.

Anwar was suspended for stirring up controversy over government links to APCO Worldwide, while the rest were punished for publicising a report by the Rights and Privileges Committee finding Anwar guilty before the report was presented to Parliament.[50]

In December , Karpal and Penang second deputy chief minister P.

Ramasamy feuded over Ramasamy's reported accusation that dissidents in the DAP were plotting against him for not giving them projects and favours. Karpal called Ramasamy a "warlord" and asked for him to resign as deputy chief minister.[51] Ramasamy asked the party to remove its "godfathers", an apparent reference to Karpal.[51] The feud was resolved internally, and Ramasamy later denied ever making the accusation.[52] At the DAP national conference in January , Karpal joined Ramasamy and asked the party's "warlords and godfathers [to] stand together against Barisan Nasional."[53]

Political views

Karpal Singh cited David Saul Marshall, Mahatma Gandhi and John F.

Kennedy as influences. The 13 May Incident convinced him that Malaysia needed to take a multiracial course, and he joined the DAP in Karpal praised the country's first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman for promoting racial unity.[2] He criticised the legal immunity granted to the hereditary Malay rulers in the original constitution, which was removed by Mahathir Mohamad government in [4][54]

Karpal Singh opposed the idea of Malaysia as an Islamic state, arguing that the constitution provided for a secular nation with Islam as the official religion, and clashed with Mahathir and fellow opposition party PAS over the issue.[55] Karpal said "an Islamic state over my dead body" about the debate during a political speech,[2] but later said that he had apologised for the remark.[56]

Controversies and issues

Karpal was a controversial figure, and he and fellow DAP politician Lim Kit Siang have been referred to as racial provocateurs.[57] He was nicknamed "the Tiger of Jelutong" by admirers after serving five terms as Jelutong MP.[58] Karpal attributed the nickname to a confrontation with former Malaysian Indian Congress President Samy Vellu when he said to Samy, "he could be the lion, and I could be the tiger, because there are no lions in Malaysia!"[2]

Slurs

He clashed with government parliamentarians and assemblymen during debates.

On two occasions in the Penang State Assembly, the speaker called police to have Karpal removed from the chamber.[13] Karpal ordered the police officers out both times, saying that they had no right to be there before walking out on his own.[13]

He criticised the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in the Dewan Rakyat for allegedly assaulting two men who were brought to the palace by police, which sparked demands for an apology from members of Parliament; Karpal refused.[13] Karpal filed a lawsuit against the king, Iskandar of Johor, in on behalf of one of the men.

He lost, and the sultan reportedly named one of his dogs after him.[4]

Karpal served two six-month suspensions from Parliament: in September for "misleading" Parliament,[43] and in December for contempt.[50] During a May session, he called fellow parliamentarian Bung Moktar Radin the "Bigfoot from Kinabatangan".[59] Moments later, Karpal was mocked by Ibrahim Ali and Bung Moktar Radin for his inability to stand while speaking as a result of his disability (provoking a furore among opposition members).[59] The following month, he received a death threat in the form of a bullet delivered to his law firm.[60] In October, Karpal was suspended from Parliament for two days for calling speaker Pandikar Amin Mulia "not serious" and "playful".[61]

Detentions

He and a number of other opposition politicians were detained without trial under the Internal Security Act during Operation Lalang in October for inciting "racial tension" in Malaysia.[22] Karpal was released for several hours in March in response to a habeas corpus application before being rearrested and imprisoned until January [4][62]Amnesty International called him a prisoner of conscience.[22]

Sedition trials

Karpal, four other opposition politicians and the editor of the Harakah Daily (the newspaper published by the opposition Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party) were arrested in January under the Sedition Act,[21] and he was charged with making seditious remarks in court during Anwar's first corruption trial.[63] This, the only known charge of sedition in any Commonwealth country brought against a lawyer for remarks made in court in defence of a client,[9] was dropped in [9][64]

He was again charged under the Sedition Act in March with threatening to sue the Sultan of Perak, Sultan Azlan Shah, in the wake of the Perak constitutional crisis.

Karpal had contended that the sultan had exceeded his constitutional powers in appointing Zambry Abdul KadirMenteri Besar.[64][65] The charges were dismissed in June after the High Court determined that the prosecution had failed to prove a prima facie case.[66] However, the Court of Appeal reversed the acquittal in January and ordered Karpal to enter a defence.[67] In March , 10 years after the incident the Federal Court acquitted Karpal posthumously.[68]

Personal life

Family

Karpal married Gurmit Kaur, eight years his junior, in July Gurmit's family, from Narathiwat, Thailand, moved to Penang when she was seven.[2][5] They had five children and eleven grandchildren.[5] Karpal's eldest son, Jagdeep, is the Penang State Assemblyman for Datok Keramat; his second son, Gobind, was the Minister of Communications and Multimedia and is the Member of Parliament for Puchong, Selangor.

His third son, Ramkarpal succeeded him as the MP for Bukit Gelugor after his death. His daughter, Sangeet Kaur works in his law firm and his youngest son, Man Karpal studied actuarial science.[2]

Gurmit described Karpal's detention from to as a "very big experience", which took a toll on her life because she had to "be strong" for their young children.[8] The initial stage of his disability also deeply upset her.[5] Karpal and Gurmit lived in Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, from until his death.[5]

Accident and disability

On 28 January , Karpal was involved in an accident which left him in a wheelchair.[69][70][71] A car struck a taxi in which he was seated from behind, severely bruising his thoracic vertebrae.

The accident left Karpal with sensory impairment and reduced motor strength, and he was unable to walk or raise his right arm more than a few centimeters.[5][58][60] His seat in the parliamentary chamber was moved to the back row to accommodate his wheelchair.[58]

Death and funeral

In the early hours of 17 April , Karpal died in a car crash on the North–South Expressway E1 near Gua Tempurung, Perak.

His personal assistant, Michael Cornelius, was also killed in the accident. Ramkarpal (Karpal's son and one of the minivan's five occupants) and an Indonesian maid believed to have been employed by Karpal were injured.[72] The driver of the minivan was injured as well. Karpal's Toyota Alphard collided with the right side of a slow-moving, five-tonne Mitsubishi Canter lorry carrying cement, steel, and tiles.

Although the lorry driver (identified as Abu Mansor Mohd) tested positive for cannabis, it was uncertain if he was under influence at the time of the accident.[73] According to Bukit Aman traffic-police chief SAC Mohd Fuad Abdul Latiff, road conditions and the weather were good at the time of the accident.[73]

Karpal's funeral was held on 20 April with full state honors in Penang, attended by his Family, Prime Minister Najib Razak and other mourners.[74] His body reached the Batu Gantong Crematorium, George Town, Penang at &#;pm and was cremated after thousands of mourners chanted his name.[75] His son, Gobind, memorialised him on 5 May during the last of a series of tributes.[76]

Memorials, awards and accolades

On 19 April , two days after his death, the IJM Promenade in Lebuh Sungai Pinang was renamed Karpal Singh Drive (Persiaran Karpal Singh).[77]The Full Biography: Karpal Singh, Tiger of Jelutong by Tim Donoghue, published in by Marshal Cavendish International, is an updated edition of Donoghue's Karpal Singh: Tiger of Jelutong which published prior to his death.[78][79][80] Karpal received the Glory of India Award of Excellence in , and was one of the top 10 NRI Newsmakers of [81][82]

Election results

Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
P Alor SetarKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 9, % Oo Gin Sun (MCA) 13,%23, 3, %
P JelutongKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 23,%Lee Him (Gerakan) 19, % 47, 3,
Yeap Ghim Guan (SDP) 2, %
Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 29,%Ooi Ean Kwong (Gerakan) 23, % 53, 5, %
P JelutongKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 25,%Lim Boo Chang (Gerakan) 15, % 42, 10, %
Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 27,%Ooi Ean Kwong (Gerakan) 18, % 46, 9, %
P JelutongKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 21,%Rhina Bhar Rani Raj Pal (Gerakan) 21, % 44, %
Lim Cheak Kow (PBS) %
Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 20, % Lee Kah Choon (Gerakan) 21,%43, %
P Bukit GelugorKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 22,%Lim Boo Chang (MCA) 21, % 44, 1, %
Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 35,%Koay Kar Huah (MCA) 14, % 50, 21, %
Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 56,%Teh Beng Yeam (MCA) 13, % 70, 42, %
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
N27 Bukit GelugorKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP)
Karpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 10,%Lim Kah Pin 9, %
Ong Kean Thong (SDP) %
Tan Teik Lim (IND) %
N28 Bukit GelugorKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 6,%Ho Sen Feek 4, % 11, 2, %
Lim Kah Pin (SDP) %
N09 PraiKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) V.

Muthusamy (MIC)

T. Muniandy (IND)
N22 Padang KotaKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 5, % Teng Chang Yeow (Gerakan) 7,%2, %
N25 Datok KeramatKarpal Singh Ram Singh (DAP) 5, % Lim Boo Chang (Gerakan) 8,%14, 3, %

Honours

Honours of Malaysia

See also

References

  1. ^Zurairi AR (18 April ).

    10 things about: Karpal Singh, The Tiger of JelutongThe Malay Mail. Retrieved on 21 April

  2. ^ abcdefghijkVengadesan, Martin (23 July ).

    "This Tiger's still roaring". The Star. Archived from the original on 26 July Retrieved 30 July

  3. ^ abcde"A Birthday Tribute to DAP National Chairman Karpal Singh".

    The Rocket. Democratic Action Party. July pp.&#;7– ISSN&#;

  4. ^ abcdefghVatikiotis, Michael (). "A Malaysian who dared sue a king".

    Far Eastern Economic Review. (20): Retrieved 9 June

  5. ^ abcdef"His pillar of strength". The Star. 10 September Archived from the original on 9 October Retrieved 30 July
  6. ^ ab"Karpal Singh".

    Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta jones He had worked tirelessly throughout his life, fighting for the end of capital punishment, civil liberties and a Malaysia for all Malaysians. The wheel turns. In the chapter called Execution is a gruesome tale of the experiences of prisoners just before their imminent death call. Karpal's life reflected the modern history of Malaysia and the events that shaped it as a nation since Independence more than 50 years ago.

    Democratic Action Party. Archived from the original on 30 December Retrieved 28 July

  7. ^Sharmila, Joane (April–June ). "A tribute to Karpal Singh (–); Malaysian Bar". Praxis. Retrieved 10 August
  8. ^ abc"Durable and obdurate".

    The Star.

    Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta canada He first discussed the possibility of writing this biography with Karpal Singh when he visited the lawyer at the Kamunting Detention Camp outside Taiping in Since graduating from the University of Singapore in he has been a fearless, intelligent advocate for justice and a defender of human rights in South East Asia, and has appeared in the Privy Council in London on a number of occasions before such appeals were abandoned by Malaysia. In his long and illustrious career, Karpal Singh has defended more people headed for death row in Malaysian jails than he cares to remember. How did you like it?

    25 July Archived from the original on 22 June Retrieved 30 July

  9. ^ abcd"About Karpal Singh". Lawyers' Rights Watch Canada. Archived from the original on 14 November Retrieved 28 July
  10. ^"Karpal cadang perogol kanak-kanak dihukum mati" (in Malay).

    Malaysiakini. 31 July Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 9 June

  11. ^Hiett, Peter (7 July ). "Brian Chambers and Kevin Barlow executed in Malaysia".

    Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta king Skip to search Skip to main content. Four years later, he won his first parliamentary seat in Malay-dominated Kedah where he was working. Would he have agreed to the opposition paving the way for Mahathir to lead the government in the general election? His journey of self-discovery in Singapore, where he found his voice, delayed the completion of his studies.

    The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July

  12. ^Dover, Bruce (28 July ). "No effort spared' in bid to save heroin convicts". The Sunday Mail.
  13. ^ abcdPetersen, Don (6 November ). "The man who fought the hangman".

    The Courier-Mail.

  14. ^Baker, M. (8 September ). "Lorraine's long, lonely wait on Malaysia's death row". Herald Sun.
  15. ^"Penang pardons NZ drug traffickers". The Australian. Agence France Presse. 27 May
  16. ^"Sisters, friends planned murder, court told".

    The New Straits Times. 19 August

  17. ^"Man to hang for Herzog's murder". The New Straits Times. 8 April
  18. ^"Court commutes sentence of youth who murdered Aussie businessman". Free Malaysia Today. 28 March
  19. ^"被告律师建议摒弃"侯大头"案例没被接受 持枪抢劫天成金庄被告上诉失败维持死刑原判".

    Lianhe Zaobao (in Chinese). 27 January

  20. ^"Gunman in goldsmith shop shoot-out hanged". The Straits Times. 16 July
  21. ^ abcThe Far East and Australasia, (34&#;ed.). Routledge. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  22. ^ abcPaul Gibson (18 June ).

    :// Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). New South Wales: New South Wales Legislative Assembly. col.&#; Archived from the original on 4 March Archived 4 March at the Wayback Machine

  23. ^Irdiani Mohd Salleh (3 June ). "Anwar applies for new trial and judge".

    Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta Poverty to oblivion. Already read. Donoghue writes that Karpal believed he had achieved more via the law than as a hardball opposition politician. In his later years, he had become more pragmatic.

    Local p.

  24. ^Allard, Tom (10 January ). "Malaysia's Anwar acquitted". The Age. Retrieved 20 January
  25. ^"Malaysia jails Anwar Ibrahim for five years for sodomy". BBC News. 7 March Retrieved 12 February
  26. ^Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (28 June ). "At 70, Karpal says won't close shop".

    The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 3 July Retrieved 30 July

  27. ^"Karpal Singh". Archived from the original on 3 January Retrieved 28 July
  28. ^"Porn row". The Independent. 22 December p.&#;8.
  29. ^ abKalimullah Hassan (21 July ).

    "Tape shows former Deputy Speaker in lewd acts: DAP". The Straits Times.

  30. ^"Former MIC leader in sex-tape case weds in India". The Straits Times. 10 June
  31. ^"Vijandran acquitted on perjury charge after appeal". New Straits Times. 25 August p.&#;6.
  32. ^"RM, in damages for Vijandran".

    New Straits Times. p.&#;4.

  33. ^Ruslaini Abbas (4 August ). "Vijandran-Karpal Singh suit: Damages reduced to RM,". New Straits Times.
  34. ^"Kit Siang: I will not cling to post". New Straits Times. 9 December National p.
  35. ^Loh, Deborah (1 February ).

    "Karpal on the DAP". The Nut Graph. Retrieved 30 July

  36. ^Pereira, Brendan (3 December ). "Out: Kit Siang as DAP chief". The Straits Times.
  37. ^Patvinder Singh; Abdul Razak Ahmad (3 December ). "Kit Siang quits as sec-gen of DAP, elected chairman". New Straits Times.

    p.&#;1.

  38. ^Chong, Chee Seong (3 December ). "DAP to take Pas to court if hudud is implemented". New Straits Times. National p.
  39. ^"Election results Penang". The Star. Archived from the original on 9 January Retrieved 9 June
  40. ^"Election Results". The Star.

    Archived from the original on 8 January Retrieved 26 August

  41. ^"Confirmed: Guan Eng is DAP leader". Malaysiakini. 4 September Retrieved 9 June
  42. ^Lim Si Cheng,&#;Deputy Speaker (7 September ). "Penyata Rasmi Parlimen"(PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Malaysia: Dewan Rakyat. col.&#;
  43. ^ ab"'MP-in-exile' Karpal will not apologise".

    Malaysiakini.

  44. Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta brown
  45. Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta williams
  46. Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta river

    47. 7 September Archived from the original on 21 July Retrieved 9 June

  47. ^"Karpal Singh willing to serve out suspension". New Straits Times. 10 September Nation.
  48. ^"Election results Penang". The Star. Archived from the original on 27 March Retrieved 9 June
  49. ^"Malaysia PM rejects calls to quit".

    BBC News. 9 March Retrieved 9 June

  50. ^"PKR, PAS, DAP to form Pakatan Rakyat". The Star. 1 April Archived from the original on 6 May Retrieved 9 June
  51. ^"Pakatan forms shadow parliamentary committees". The Star. 2 July Archived from the original on 5 July Retrieved 9 June
  52. ^V.

    Vasudevan (8 April ). "Karpal booted out for calling speaker a dictator". New Straits Times. Retrieved 9 June [permanent dead link&#;]

  53. ^ ab"Anwar, three Pakatan MPs, suspended for six months". The Star. 16 December Archived from the original on 17 December Retrieved 9 June
  54. ^ abYow, Hong Chieh (24 December ).

    "Karpal wants Ramasamy to quit over plot allegations". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 8 January Retrieved 21 January

  55. ^Lisa J. Ariffin (26 December ). "Ramasamy blames The Star for latest row with Karpal". The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 7 January Retrieved 21 January
  56. ^Lee, Regina (8 January ).

    "Karpal, Ramasamy end feud". The Star. Archived from the original on 21 July Retrieved 21 January

  57. ^"All in the name of fair distribution of power". New Straits Times. 8 December Archived from the original on 8 December Retrieved 9 June
  58. ^Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (10 June ). "No Islamic state for DAP, says Karpal".

    The Malaysian Insider. Archived from the original on 3 January Retrieved 30 July

  59. ^G. Vinod (15 June ). "Karpal raps two NST journalists". Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 18 June Retrieved 15 June
  60. ^Musa, M. Bakri ().

  61. Famous sikhs in history
  62. List of sikh freedom fighters
  63. Famous sikh personalities in world
  64. Sikh warrior names list
  65. Sikh freedom fighters 1947

    66. Towards A Competitive Malaysia. Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  66. ^ abc"I will walk again". The Star. 26 September Archived from the original on 9 October Retrieved 30 July
  67. ^ ab"Dewan turns into a 'zoo' over seating position, name-calling".

    The Star. 1 May Archived from the original on 18 October Retrieved 9 June

  68. ^ abAzmi Anshar (21 May ). "Dewan Dispatches: The Tiger bites the bullet". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 8 June Retrieved 9 June
  69. ^Rahmah Ghazali (23 October ).

    "Karpal slapped with two-day suspension". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 9 June

  70. ^"Malaysia suspends top judge who criticized Prime Minister". The Globe and Mail. 7 June
  71. ^"Opposition leaders, editor arrested". BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. Bernama. 14 January FE/D/S1.
  72. ^ abCharles, Lourdes; Lee, Yuk Peng (16 March ).

    Tiger of jelutong biography of alberta brown: Quite often, the fracas would end with the police leading the agitated Karpal out of the state assembly. Many in the international community, including members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, believe the charges against Anwar were politically motivated and designed to prevent him from leading an opposition coalition to victory in the next two general elections. Four years later, he won his first parliamentary seat in Malay-dominated Kedah where he was working. However, his dream that Anwar Ibrahim would lead a new government by the elections did not materialise.

    "Karpal to be charged for sedition against Perak Sultan". The Star. Archived from the original on 20 March Retrieved 30 July

  73. ^"Malaysian MP on sedition charges". BBC News. 17 March Retrieved 9 June