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Jawaharlal Nehru Biography: Early Life, Family, Education and Political Journey
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a leading figure in the Indian Independence struggle. He was the first Prime Minister of Independent India. He had initiated socio-economic policies of the idealistic socialist kind. He was a prolific writer and authored books such as 'The Discovery of India' and 'Glimpses of the World History'.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the father of Indira Gandhi, the first woman Prime Minister of India.
He established a parliamentary government and is known for his nonaligned or neutralist policies in foreign affairs. He participated in India's Independence movement and was a principle leader in the s and 40s.
Jawaharlal Nehru: Quick Facts
Born on: 14 November,
Place of Birth: Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Father's Name: Motilal Nehru
Mother's Name: Swarup Rani Nehru
Spouse: Kamala Nehru
Children: Indira Gandhi
Education: Harrow School, London; Trinity College, Cambridge; Inns of Court School of Law, London
Occupation: Barrister, Writer, and Politician
Political party: Indian National Congress
Political Ideology: Nationalism, Socialism, Democracy
Award: Bharat Ratna
Publications/Works: The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru's Autobiography, Letters from a Father to his Daughter, etc.
Died: 27 May
Place of Death: New Delhi
Cause of Death: Heart attack
Memorial: Shantivan, New Delhi
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Jawaharlal Nehru: Early Life, Family, and Education
Jawaharlal Nehru was born in a Kashmiri Brahman family.
Write short biography When the Japanese carried their attack through Burma now Myanmar to the borders of India in the spring of , the British government, faced with this new military threat, decided to make some overtures to India, as Nehru had originally desired. Social Scientist. Nehru was a social democrat who believed that liberal political and economic institutions could deliver economic growth with redistribution. He wrote: "Visions of similar deeds in India came before, of [my] gallant fight for [Indian] freedom and in my mind, India and Italy got strangely mixed together.His father Motilal Nehru was a renowned lawyer and leader of the Indian independence movement. He was also one of the prominent associates of Mahatma Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru was the eldest son of Motilal Nehru out of four children and two of whom were girls. He completed his early education until the age of 14 at home under private tutors. At the age of fifteen, he went to England at Harrow school.
After two years, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and earned an honours degree in natural sciences.
Short biography obama Directorate-General of Information and Public Relations. American Heritage Publishing Company. Nehru promoted the idea of the secular nation-state in the provincial elections , allowing the Congress to sweep the elections and form governments in several provinces. Archived from the original on 7 JanuaryAt the Inner Temple, London, he had completed his studies for a barrister.
He spent seven years in England but was very confused and always felt that he is in a half home neither in England nor in India. And so, he had written, "I have become a queer mixture of East and West, out of place everywhere, at home now where".
He came back to India in around He had an interest in the struggle of all nations who suffered under foreign domination. In , he married Kamala Kaul and settled in Delhi. In , Indira Priyadarshini (Indira Gandhi) was born.
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Jawaharlal Nehru: Political Journey
- He attended the Bankipore Congress as a delegate in
- In , he became the Secretary of the Home Rule League, Allahabad.
- In , the first time he met with Mahatma Gandhi, and was immensely inspired by him.
- In , he organised the first Kisan March in the Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh.
- Due to the Non-Cooperation Movement (), he was imprisoned twice.
- In September , he became the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee.
- In , he toured Italy, Switzerland, England, Belgium, Germany, and Russia.
- As an official delegate of the Indian National Congress, he had attended the Congress of oppressed Nationalities in Brussels in Belgium.
- In , he attended the tenth-anniversary celebrations of the October Socialist Revolution in Moscow.
- During the Simon Commission in , he was lathi-charged in Lucknow.
- He attended the All-Party Congress on 29 August and was one of the signatories to the Nehru Report on Indian Constitutional Reform that was named after his father Shri Motilal Nehru.
- In , he founded the 'Independence for India League' and became its General Secretary.
- He was elected the President of the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in In this session only, the complete goal for the independence of the country was adopted.
- During , he was imprisoned several times, due to the connection with Salt Satyagraha and other movements launched by the Congress.
- On 14 February , he had completed his 'Autobiography' in Almora Jail.
- After releasing from jail, he went to Switzerland to see his ailing wife.
- He was again arrested for offering an individual Satyagraha on 31 October, to protest against India's forced participation in the war.
- In December , he was released from jail.
- At the 'All India Congress Committee' session in Bombay on 7 August, , Pt.
Jawaharlal Nehru moved the 'Quit India' resolution.
- He was arrested with other leaders on 8 August, and taken to Ahmednagar Fort. This was the longest and his last detention.
- He was released from Jail in January and organised a legal defence for officers and men of the INA charged with treason.
- In July, , for the fourth time, he was elected as the President of the Congress and again for three more terms from to
In this way, he became the first Prime Minister of independent India.
He was the first Prime Minister to hoist the national flag and make his iconic speech "Tryst with Destiny" from the ramparts of the Lal Quilla (Red Fort).
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Major works of Jawaharlal Nehru after becoming the Prime Minister of India
- He imparted modern values and thought.
- He insisted on the secular and liberalist approach.
- He focused on the basic unity of India.
- He advocated democratic socialism and encouraged India's industrialisation by implementing the first five-year plans in
- Promoted scientific and technological advancements by establishing higher learning.
- Also, instituted various social reforms like free public education, free meals for Indian children, legal rights for women including the ability to inherit property, divorce their husbands, laws to prohibit discrimination based on caste, etc.
Summary on Indian National Movement
Jawaharlal Nehru: Legacy
He believed in pluralism, socialism, liberalism, and democracy.
Jawaharlal nehru short biography Like her father, Indira would later serve as prime minister of India under her married name: Indira Gandhi. Civil disobedience, Lahore Resolution, August Offer: The moderates believed British rule was modernising, and sought reform and more participation in government in cooperation with British authorities. Sears, StephenHe had an immense love for children and so, his birthday is celebrated as Children's Day in India. He supported and generated a way for India's education by envisioning the top tier institutions of India including the Indian Institute of Technology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and India's first Space Program, etc.
In fact, Shyam Benegal created a TV series "Bharat Ek Khoj" that was based on Jawaharlal Nehru's famous book, Discovery of India.
In Richard Attenborough's biopic 'Gandhi' and Ketan Mehta's 'Sardar', Jawaharlal Nehru was featured as a prominent character.
Jawaharlal Nehru: Death
On 27 May , he died due to a heart attack. He was cremated at the Shantivan on the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi.
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