Dorothy wordsworth poems

For the poet, daughter of William Wordsworth, see Dora Wordsworth.

English author, poet and diarist

Dorothy Mae Ann Wordsworth (25 December – 25 January ) was an English author, poet, and diarist. She was the sister of the Romantic poet William Wordsworth, and the two were close all their adult lives.

Dorothy Wordsworth had no ambitions to be a public author, yet she left behind numerous letters, diary entries, topographical descriptions, poems, and other writings.

Early life and education

Dorothy Wordsworth was born in Cockermouth, Cumberland on December 25, She was the sister of English Romantic poet William Wordsworth and the third of five children born to Ann Cookson and John Wordsworth.

Following the death of her mother in , Dorothy was sent alone to live with her second cousin, Elizabeth Threlkeld, in Halifax, West Yorkshire until During this period, Dorothy attended boarding school at Hipperholme before transferring to a day-school in Halifax.^[1]

In , Dorothy moved to her grandparents' house in Penrith, re-establishing contact with her siblings after a nine-year separation.^[2] She moved to Forncett parish in Norfolk in with her recently wedded uncle and his wife, where she remained for six years.^[3] Dorothy dedicated her time to domestic duties and corresponded regularly to her brother William and her childhood friend, Jane Pollard.

In a letter to Jane, Dorothy mentioned starting a small school consisting of nine local girls. William spent six weeks in Forncett at the end of , during which time the Wordsworth siblings began their enduring practice of undertaking long walks together. Dorothy and William maintained a close bond throughout their lives.

In , Dorothy was reunited with William after a three-year separation.

The siblings resided at Old Windebrowe cottage for a period of two months.

Dorothy wordsworth biography death Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth. By October , however, her uncle William married Dorothy Cowper and brought Dorothy Wordsworth to live with them at his new parish in Forncett, Norfolk, a happier situation. Dorothy Wordsworth was born in Cockermouth, Cumberland. When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow Park we saw a few daffodils close to the water-side.

They later relocated to Racedown Lodge in Dorset, where they remained until During their time at Racedown, they began fostering a three-year-old boy named Basil Montagu.^[6] It was during this period that Dorothy was introduced to the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, whom William had briefly encountered two years prior, and from here the trio developed a close friendship.

Coleridge wrote of Dorothy's character in a letter to his publisher: "Her information various—her eye watchful in minutest observation of nature".

Alfoxden and Grasmere

In July of , despite facing financial constraints, Dorothy and William Wordsworth relocated to Alfoxton House in Somerset, a short distance from their new acquaintance Coleridge's residence.^[8] Together, Wordsworth and Coleridge, with insights from Dorothy, collaborated on "Lyrical Ballads" ().

Among the collection is Wordsworth's famous poem "Tintern Abbey," inspired by their walking tour through Wye Valley in July ^[9] In the poem's final section, Wordsworth writes of Dorothy: "For thou art with me, here, upon the banks \ Of this fair river; thou, my dearest Friend".^[10]

The Wordsworths' stay at Alfoxton House was brief due to their financial difficulties.

Dorothy began her Alfoxden Journal from January to May , for which the manuscript is now lost.^[11] Subsequently, Dorothy, William, and Coleridge traveled to Germany in , where Dorothy penned her "Hamburgh Journal."

In December of , Dorothy and William settled in Dove Cottage, located in Grasmere within England’s Lake District, where they resided until May of Dorothy's Grasmere Journal, first published in and edited by William Angus Knight, provides a glimpse into their life during this period.

Starting in and concluding with the completion of a notebook in , the journal captures Dorothy's daily experiences in the Lake District. It recounts their countryside walks and offers detailed portraits of notable literary figures of the early 19th century, such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sir Walter Scott, Charles Lamb, and Robert Southey.

The Grasmere journals are considered fragmentary in nature and were originally intended for an audience consisting mainly of William and a select few close friends and family members.^[14]

Rydal and her final years

In , Dorothy journeyed with William to Gallow Hill, Yorkshire for his marriage to Mary Hutchinson.

Dorothy did not attend the wedding ceremony.

Dorothy wordsworth grasmere journals These journals, apart from the "Isle of Man" sequence, have not yet been published. We set off after dinner from Eusemere. By October , however, her uncle William married Dorothy Cowper and brought Dorothy Wordsworth to live with them at his new parish in Forncett, Norfolk, a happier situation. The lake was rough.

After their marriage, the Wordsworth siblings, with the addition of William’s new wife, returned to Grasmere. Dorothy played a devoted role in the lives of William and Mary's children born in the following years. In , Dorothy joined William and Samuel Taylor Coleridge on a six-week tour of the Scottish Highlands.

This journey inspired her to pen Recollections of a Tour Made in Scotland, which was, according to Dorothy, written for "the sake of a few friends, who, it seemed, ought to have been with us." She concluded her renowned Grasmere Journal in the same year.^[16]

The Wordsworths settled in Rydal Mount in , where Dorothy resided for the remainder of her life.

William wordsworth: Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Loss affects much of Dorothy Wordsworth's life on many levels: not only was she orphaned early in life, but her beloved brother John drowned in , and two of Mary and William's children also died. Project Gutenberg. Tools Tools.

Alongside her friend Mary Barker, Dorothy ascended Scafell Pike in , an experience she documented in "An Excursion up Scawfell Pike." Additionally, she embarked on a continental tour of the Alps in , documenting her travels in "Journal of a Tour on the Continent". The following years saw Dorothy engaging in further explorations, including tours of the Scottish Highlands and Edinburgh, resulting in "Journal of my Second Tour in Scotland, ".^[17]

From to , Dorothy wrote of daily events, with frequent gaps, in her Rydal Journals.

These journals, apart from the "Isle of Man" sequence, have not yet been published.^[14] In , Dorothy fell seriously ill, followed by a brief recovery period and eventual relapse in Despite battling a degenerative illness, Dorothy continued writing, including compositions later published in William Wordsworth's collections.

Due to her health, Dorothy was cared for by her brother William, his wife Mary, and the Rydal staff. Following William's passing in April , Dorothy's health continued to decline until her death on 25 January ^[18]

Writing

Wordsworth was primarily a diarist, and she also wrote poetry though without much interest in becoming an established poet.

She almost published her account of traveling in Scotland with William and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in , Recollections of a Tour Made in Scotland, but a publisher was not found, and it would not be published until

She wrote a very early account of an ascent of Scafell Pike in , climbing the mountain in the company of her friend Mary Barker, Miss Barker's maid, and two local people to act as guide and porter.

Dorothy's work was used in (and later in and ) by her brother William, unattributed, in his popular guide book to the Lake District – and this was then copied by Harriet Martineau in her equally successful guide^[19] (in its fourth edition by ), but with attribution, if only to William Wordsworth.

The account was quoted in other guidebooks as well. Consequently, this story was very widely read by the many visitors to the Lake District over more than half of the 19th century.^[20][21]

The Grasmere Journal and Dorothy's other works revealed how vital she was to her brother's success. William relied on her detailed accounts of nature scenes and borrowed freely from her journals.

He drew inspiration from Dorothy's journal entry of the sibling's encounter with a field of daffodils:^[22]

I never saw daffodils so beautiful they grew among the mossy stones about and about them, some rested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness and the rest tossed and reeled and danced and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind that blew upon them over the lake, they looked so gay ever glancing ever changing.

—&#;Dorothy Wordsworth, Grasmere Journal (15 April )^[23]

In his poem, "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," William describes what appears to be the shared experience in the journal as his own solitary observation.

Dorothy's observations and descriptions have been considered to be as poetic if not more so than those of her brother.^[24] In her time she was described as being one of the few writers who could have provided so vivid and picturesque a scene.^[22]

Critical reception

Dorothy Wordsworth's works came to light just as literary critics were beginning to re-examine women's role in literature.

The success of the Grasmere Journal led to a renewed interest in Wordsworth,^[25] and several other journals and collections of her letters have since been published.^[26] Scholar Anne Mellor has identified Wordsworth as demonstrating a "model of affiliation rather than a model of individual achievement",^[27] more commonly associated with Romanticism.^[28]

Selected works

Major works

Other works

Notes

Bibliography

External links